To explore the molecular mechanism of carotenoid accumulation and metabolism, two pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) inbred lines named RF1601 ( the color of mature fruit is red) and PF1511 ( the color of mature fruit is purple) were used as materials in this study. The carotenoids in 5 different periods of fruits were extracted for quantitative analysis of lutein, capsanthin and beta carotene by HPLC. The expression of 7 genes related to carotenoid biosynthesis in these materials was also analyzed by the realtime PCR. The results showed that with the ripening of fruits, the contents of carotenoids in RF1601 and PF1511 increased gradually, reaching the highest value of 173. 0 and 37. 9 μg/g FW at the mature stage, respectively. The amount of lutein in RF1601 was about 3 times as much as that PF1511. Although capsanthin was unable to be detected at the juvenile stage of these materials, with the growing of the fruits, the qualities of capsanthin in RF1601 showed an overall upward trend, while it was still undetectable in the PF1511 throughout the whole period. Beta-carotene reduced to the minimum and then increased slowly. The expression of PSY, PDS, ZDS and LYC in RF1601 remained at a low level in the whole period, and CCS, the key gene of capsaicin synthesis, expressed at a high level at the mature stage. While PSY, PDS, ZDS and LYC in PF1511 were activated at the early stage and CCS almost kept silence throughout the whole period.

Though the ground cover Chrysanthemum was rich in color and adaptability, and had great potential for application, it was rare to study the classification of its cultivars. Thirty two types of cultivars of ground cover Chrysanthemum were selected to classify with 14 parameters of leaf's shape via cluster analysis. The results showed that the 32 types ground cover Chrysanthemums were divided into 2 major groups and 10 small groups based on the Q cluster analysis. R cluster and principal component analysis were used to make further analysis and the results showed that the four parameters contribution rate were74. 49%, including the apex angle, the terminal opening, the lower lobes opening, and the leaf aspect ratio. These parameters could be used as important indexes for leaf classification. The results of shape of leaves' SEM scanning showed that the classification methods via the shape of leaf could be used as a classification standard for different varieties of ground cover Chrysanthemum.

The hard seed rate of untreated Cassia occidentalis Linn. is high and the germination rate is low due to its hard seed coat. To study the effects of different treatments on seed germination and seedling growth of C. occidentalis, concentrated sulfuric acid treatment, soaking treatment with hot water, and drying treatment in high temperature were used in this experiment. The results showed that the treatment of concentrated sulfuric acid could significantly improve the seed germination of C. occidentalis. Especially the treatment with 98% concentrated sulfuric acid for 30 min, the hard seed rate was decreased to0. 0%, the germination rate was 79. 00%, germination potential was 76. 00%, germination index was99. 17, vitality index of seed was 9. 04, which were 1. 25, 1. 23, 1. 51 and 1. 91 times as much as that of the control group, respectively. Cotyledon length, cotyledon width, seedling biomass were also significantly improved compared with the control. Although soaking seeds with hot water and drying treatments had no obvious effects on the seed germination of C. occidentalis, these two treatments could prominently promote the growth of seedlings. The seed germination and seedling growth of C. occidentalis could be inhibited by soaking seeds in hot water or drying while the temperature was too high.

Twenty one genetic resources of tamarind ( Tamarindus indica L.) were collected and the correlation of main fruit traits were studied. The results showed that the sugar-acid ratio, single fruit weight, total acid content and seed weight varied greatly, and to the coefficients of variation were 84. 36%, 41. 92%, 46. 21% and 28. 23%, respectively. There was a significant correlation between fruit weight and fruit length, fruit width and seed length, fruit thickness and sugar-acid ratio, seed thickness and acidity, total acid content, total sugar content and sugar-acid ratio. The fruit shape index, seed thickness, pH value, sugar content and sugar-acid ratio of the tamarind in Hainan were lower than those in Yunnan;the total acid content and sugar-acid ratio of fruit were significantly different among different flavor types.

In order to study the effects of selenite and selenate on growth and physiological characteristics of brassica ( Brassica oleracea L.) , cabbage seeds were treated with 6 concentrations ( 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 300 mg/L) of selenate and selenite, and their germination rate, germination potential, root length, seedling height, fresh weight, dry weight, peroxidase ( POD) activity and catalase ( CAT) activity were measured. The results showed that selenate concentration higher than 100 mg/L and selenite concentration higher than 50 mg/L inhibited seed germination rate and germination potential; selenate and selenite with concentration higher than 100 mg/L significantly inhibited seedling height, root length, fresh weight and dry weight ( P < 0. 05) . After the treatment with selenate at 50 mg/L, the peroxidase activity and catalase activity significantly increased compared with control ( P < 0. 05) . With the increase of selenate concentration, the peroxidase activity remained relatively high. The activities of catalase fluctuated at different concentrations of selenate and selenite. The activities of catalase reached maximum, with the treatment of selenite at the concentration of 300 mg/L and selenite at the concentration of 150 mg/L, respectively.

In order to improve the reproductive efficiency of the Styrax faeri Perk., the 1 ～ 2 year old shoots were used as cuttings, and the 3 factors 4 levels orthogonal test were used to explore effects of different plant growth regulator types, concentrations and treatment time on the cutting propagation. Four kinds of growth regulators could significantly improve the cuttings rooting index, the most significant effect on cutting was the treatment of IBA ( in-dole-3-butyric acid) , followed to IAA ( indole-3-acetic acid) , NAA ( 1-naphthylacetic acid) , and GA3 ( Gibberellin A3) , and the best rooting effect was the treatment with 500 mg/L IBA for 30 min. In addition, the suitability of cutting parts was studied via single factor experiment and the rooting type was also observed. The results showed that the highest rooting rate of different branch parts was the upper part and the rooting type of S. faeri cuttings was cortex rooting.

Shrub is an important part of scenic forest. Although its biomass is smaller, it is very important that the shrub improves landscape quality, communities diversity, etc in understory. According to surveying on understory vegetation, the analytical hierarchy process ( AHP) was applied for evaluation using 11 evaluation indexes from the three aspects including environment suitability, ornamental value and utilization potentiality. Shrub species of understory of scenic forest were investigated and evaluated comprehensively, which mainly could be distributed in Pearl River Delta. The 70 species were classified into three grades, including LevelⅠ, 13 species was the highest; Level Ⅱ, 20 species was higher; LevelⅢ, 37 species was general. In landscape construction of understory vegetation of scenic forest, the species of LevelⅠshould give priority to development, and were adapted to predominant tree species; the species of Level Ⅱ had certain advantages compared with species of Level Ⅲ and were adapted to main tree species; the species of Level Ⅲ were adapted to general species, and the species which were high ornamental value were adapted to characteristic tree species in shrub layer.

The water quality of 8 sampling points in the first phase of Haizhu National Wetland Park were monitored. The results showed that the concentration of total phosphorus, total nithogen, NH4+-N and chemical oxygen demand were lower in the communities of Thalia dealbata + Canna indica-Vallisneria natans, Canna indica + Acorus calamus-Vallisneria natans, Thalia dealbata + Cyperus alternifolius-Vallisneria natans, and Arundo donax var. versicolor + Hydrocotyle vulgaris-Vallisneria natans, which showed much better water quality. It was speculated the purification effect of Vallisneria natans on water quality was obvious.

In order to study the applied effects of vegetable sprouts including Triticum aestivum, Vigna cylindrica, Pisum sativum, Glycine max var. and Glycine max in interior metope planting, with Vigna radiata as the control, the growth and nutritional indexes of six species of vegetable sprouts were determined, and the comprehensive evaluation of planting effects with membership function was carried out.The results showed that planting effects of legume sprouts besides P. sativum were better than that of wheat according to the general analysis including biological properties ( plant height and stem diameter) , yield, eatable rate and nutritional contents. In addition, the planting effects of G. max var., V. cylindrica and G. max were better than that of V. radiata. In general, G. max Var. had the best planting effect because its general performance including biological properties ( plant height and stem diameter) , yield, eatable rate and nutritional contents were the best.

Four species of Commelinaceae were selected as test objects for roof greening, and treated with eight different temperature. With conductivity method and Logistic equation, the heat resistance of four plants were evaluated by cell damage rate and semi-lethal temperature under different temperature. The results showed that with the increase of treatment temperature, the cell hurt rate of four plants showed an“S”curve, and the significant test of which fitted Logistic equation. The heat resistance of four species of plant followed the order: Belosynapsis ciliata var. vilosa < Belosynapsis ciliata < Murdannia loriformis

In order to improve the service quality of urban greenway sports leisure environment, based on the questionnaire survey, the Importance-performance analysis ( IPA) and Paired-Samples T test were used to study the sports leisure environment of Guangzhou greenway from the perspective of exercises.According to the satisfaction and importance of 16 influencing factors, the conclusions could be obtained from the positioning of the quadrantal diagram. There was a big gap between satisfaction and importance;the natural landscape environment of greenway provided good outdoor space for sports recreation; Greenway sports facilities were not perfect, which couldn't meet the requirements of users; the auxiliary facilities which were closely related to sports and leisure activities should be the key content of the upgrading of greenway.

Melatonin has many physiological functions in plants, such as regulating growth and development, improving anti-reversibility and delaying senescence. With the increasing researches on melatonin, such as in the field of plants, in recent years, it has been also successively reported on the roles and applications of melatonin in the preservation of fresh horticultural products, such as vegetables, fruits and cut flowers. This paper briefly reviewed the research progress in main physiological roles of melatonin, such as in scavenging cell free radicals, maintaining cell membrane integrity, regulating fruit ripening, delaying leaf senescence, and increasing stress resistance, towards preserving horticultural products. Moreover, its application prospects in this field were also forecasted.

On the basis of consulting the relevant literature of palm plants and using literature analysis, the current research status of palm plants resources in introduction, garden construction, as well as application in medicine and life in China was systematically summarized. By constructing the “1 + 2”dimensional analysis framework, it was found that the application research progress of palm plants appeared as the overall volatility rising state and the introduction and cultivation of palm plants in the temperate marginal regions of China was summarized. Finally, the problems existing in the utilization of palm plants and the future research prospects were proposed in our country. It could provide reference for the theoretical research and application practice of palm plants in China.