In order to clarify the pathogens that caused leaf spot of Dracontomelon duperreanum, the pathogenic fungi were isolated and purified by using conventional tissue isolation and purification methods. The pathogenicity of the isolated pathogenic strains was verified by the Koch's postulates, and then the morphological characteristics of the strains and the phylogenetic analysis of the combined gene (ITS and TUB2) sequences were used for species identification. In combination with morphological identification and polygenic sequence analysis, the three isolated fungal strains RM-1, RM-2 and RM-3 were identified as Bartalinia pondoensis, Colleetotrichum siamense and Pestalotiopsis parva, respectively. The above three strains could infect leaves of D. duperreanum and cause brown spots. Results showed that pathogens caused leaf spot disease of D. duperreanum were B. pondoensis, C. siamense and P. Parva. This study provides a theoretical basis for the comprehensive prevention and treatment on leaf spot disease of D. duperreanum.

The stem base rot of Passiflora is one of the most serious soil-borne diseases endangering the production of Passiflora, and there is no reliable treatment method, which seriously affects the development of Passiflora industry. To explore the correlation between the occurrence of stem base rot of Passiflora and soil physico-chemical properties and bacterial genetic diversity in this study, providing a theoretical basis for the comprehensive control of stem base rot of Passiflora. The incidence of Passiflora base rot diseases in three topographical orchards, including paddy fields, dry farms and mountainous areas were investigated. The soils were collected from infected and normal plants in three Passiflora planting areas, respectively, and the physico-chemical properties, including pH value, conductivity (EC), and water content were measured. The V4 hypervariable regions of soil bacteria16SrDNA were sequenced by high-throughput sequencing, and the relationship and diversity index of bacterial communities were analyzed by Venn correlation, cluster analysis, genetic diversity, community structure differences and principal component analysis (PCA). The incidence of Passiflora base rot is the highest in paddy fields(80.67%), followed by dry lands (52.67%), and mountainous ereas (15.33%). The pH value and electrical conductivity of paddy soils were highest(7.25 and 49.43 us/cm), followed by dry lands(5.18 and 48.27 us/cm) and mountainous area(4.57 and 39.73 us/cm). The bacterial community abundance is the highest in paddy fields, followed by dry lands and mountainous areas, and is higher in soils of infected plants than that of normal plants. The bacterial community diversity is the highest in dry lands, followed by mountainous areas and paddy fields. There is a large difference in the bacterial community structure between groups in different topographic soils, while the similarity is low within groups of the paddy field, and high within groups of dry lands and that of mountain areas. The incidence rate of stem base rot in passionflower orchards is significantly correlated with physico-chemical properties, topographic factors and bacterial diversity in soils.

In this paper, the leaf color chimeras of Prunus mume in some nurseries in Guangzhou were investigated to observe the morphological characteristics; Through screening different types of chimeric plants as test materials, and normal leaf color plants as control group, the chlorophyll SPAD value and the relative content of photosynthetic pigments were measured and analyzed, and the characteristics of leaf color chimerism and the difference of photosynthetic pigment content of Prunus mume were studied. The results showed that there were 51 kinds of common leaf color chimeras of Prunus mume in Guangzhou, and the chimeric phenotypes could be divided into three categories: green heart yellow edge, yellow heart green edge and mixed type, The chimeric parts of different varieties have different colors; The SPAD value of chlorophyll in the leaves of chimeric plants decreased from the green part to the yellow part, and there was still very low content of chlorophyll in the yellowing part; The content of each photosynthetic pigment decreased significantly, while the carotenoid/total chlorophyll ratio was higher than that of the green part, indicating that there was a certain correlation between the yellow color of the chimeric part and the increase of the carotenoid/total chlorophyll ratio.

Soil nutrient deficiency and low bioactivity in historical quarries exists. In order to accelerate the ecological reconstruction of the quarry soil and provide suitable conditions for ecological restoration of damaged bare land, this study selected organic fertilizer and natural rice husk as the base fertilizer and Bacillus mucilaginosus (BM), Streptomyces microflavus (SM) and Trichoderma reesei (TR) as the soil ameliorating bacterial agents, and set T0(base fertilizer), T1 (base fertilizer+BM+SM), T2 (base fertilizer+BM+TR), T3 (base fertilizer+SM+TR) and T4 (base fertilizer+BM+SM+TR), indoor soil incubation tests were conducted with the original quarry soil as the control CK, 14 indicators such as pH, conductivity, organic matter, available nutrients, the enzyme activity and microbial quantity were measured, Soil Quality Index (SQI) was used to evaluate Soil quality in order to explore the improvement effect of different compound microbial agents on quarry Soil. (1) The soil acidity decreased and the electrical conductivity increased by 0.24-0.65 fold after the treatment of base fertilizer and compound microbial agent. The contents of organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium increased by 52.96%-82.48%, 761.67%-846.10%, 1211.81%-2115.67% and 69.73%-111.14% respectively. The total amount of soil microorganism was 1.99-36.87 fold higher than that of the control, and the soil enzyme activity significantly increased (p < 0.05); (2) The SQI was in the order of T4 > T2 > T3 > T1 > T0 > CK, The soil quality comprehensive index of T4 treatment was the highest (0.848) , and the soil improvement effect was the best. Base fertilizer and compound microbial agent can effectively balance soil acidification index, improve soil nutrient content and biological activity, improve soil quality, and provide guarantee for vegetation growth, which has obvious improvement advantages compared with single application of base fertilizer.

Three common methods are used to prepare HRW. The best conditions of each method and the preservation of HRW are explored to provide reference for the selection of related research. HRW was prepared by using magnesium based hydrogen storage alloy balls (200， 300， 400， 500 particles)， hydrogen-rich stick (1， 2， 3 rods) and electrolytic hydrogen production kettle. The hydrogen concentration and ORP value of HRW prepared under different hydrogen production times， single preparation solution volume and temperature conditions were measured. In addition， the optimal hydrogen production method was used to prepare two equal volumes of HRW， with one cup closed and one cup opened. The hydrogen concentration and ORP value of the solution in the two cups were measured at 15 min， 30 min， 45 min， 1 h， 2 h， 4 h， 6 h， 12 h， 24 h and 48 h， and the best preservation methods of HRW were analyzed and compared. The hydrogen concentration in water increased when the number of magnesium based hydrogen storage alloy balls increased， the number of hydrogen rods increased， and the times of hydrogen production in electrolytic hydrogen production kettle increased. When the volume of solution in electrolytic hydrogen production kettle increases， the hydrogen content in HRW decreases. The temperature of solution in electrolytic hydrogen kettle does not affect the concentration of hydrogen production. Compared with the open cup， the hydrogen concentration of HRW in the closed cup decreases more slowly. The HRW preparation time used magnesium based hydrogen storage alloy balls and hydrogen-rich sticks is relatively longer than electrolytic hydrogen production kettle. The hydrogen concentration of 500 magnesium based hydrogen storage alloy balls can product higher than 1.0 ppm after 12 h， and the hydrogen concentration of more than 1.5 ppm can be prepared by three hydrogen-rich sticks after 48 h， which is suitable for the situation with high requirements for the concentration of HRW. Electrolytic hydrogen rich kettle can produce HRW with hydrogen concentration of about 0.6 ppm in 6 min. It is convenient and quick to use， and can be prepared in big volume in a short time. It is suitable for the situation with the concentration of HRW is low. The closed container is more conducive to the storage of HRW， but it should not exceed 48 h. It is recommended that the HRW to prepared when using.

Microbial communities have different composition and distribution in different tissues of plants, In this study, ITS high-throughput sequencing was used to compare the differences in the composition and diversity of endophytic fungal communities in leaves, branches and fruits of Eucalyptus torelliana, E. citriodora, E. exserta and E. urophylla × E. grandis G9. The results of microbial community structure analysis of the four Eucalyptus species showed that Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant phyla in all samples, but the relative abundance varied in different samples. The biodiversity analysis showed that the endophytic fungal communities of E. torelliana and E. citriodora were similar in the same tissue and in different tissues, while E. exserta and G9 had similar endophytic fungal communities in the same tissue and more differences in endophytic fungal communities in different tissues. The diversity indices of the four eucalypts in branches were not significantly different, while the Chao1, Observed species and PD whole tree indices of endophytic fungal communities were significantly higher in the fruits of E. exserta and G9 than in E. torelliana and E. citriodora. LEfSe analysis showed that the differential species in E. citriodora (branches and fruits) and E. exserta (leaves and fruits) were distributed in the Ascomycota, while those in E. torelliana (fruits) and G9 (leaves and branches) were distributed in both Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Eucalyptus contains abundant endophytic fungal community, which varies greatly depending on species and tissues. G9 leaves and E. exserta fruit parts possess more endophytic fungal communities, these studies provide an important basis for the subsequent development and utilization of endophytic fungal resources in Eucalyptus.

In order to reveal the occurrence and phylogenetic relationships of Bougainvillea chlorotic vein-banding virus（BCVBV）in Guangdong, 42 different suspected disease samples were collected from Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, and a total of nine BCVBV Guangdong isolates were obtained by PCR amplification and sequence analysis. The corresponding sequences of the nine Guangdong isolates and BCVBV isolates in GenBank were analyzed using MEGA5.0, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. The phylogenetic analysis showed that all BCVBV isolates could be classified into two subgroups, the BCVBV isolates from Guangdong shared a closer phylogenetic relationship with the isolates from Taiwan and Hainan, and they were in the same subgroup；However, the others were in another subgroup, which had more distantly related to the BCVBV isolates from Guangdong. The identities of nucleotide and amino acid sequence of the nine isolates from Guangdong Province shared 94.9%-100% and 92.9%-100%, respectively; and their identities of nucleotide and amino acid sequence with other isolates from GenBank showed 76.7%-97% and 86.7%-98.1%, respectively. This study reveals the evolutionary relationship between BCVBV Guangdong isolates and other isolates, which lays the foundation for the study of BCVBV and the breeding of Bougainvillea.

In order to optimize the extraction process of total coumarins from Ficus hirta and clarify its in vitro antioxidant activity, this paper took the extraction rate of total coumarins as the evaluation standard, and investigated the effects of ethanol volume fraction, liquid material ratio and ultrasonic time on the extraction rate of total coumarins from Ficus hirta by single factor experiment. The ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of total coumarins from Ficus hirta was optimized by Box-Behnken experimental design, and the in vitro antioxidant activity of the total coumarins extracted by the optimized extraction process was studied. The results showed that the optimum extraction conditions were as follows: ethanol volume fraction 58 %, liquid-solid ratio 34:1, ultrasonic extraction time 70 min. Under this condition, the average extraction yield of total coumarins from Ficus hirta was 3.869 mg/g under these conditions, RSD was 0.28 %, which was basically consistent with the predicted value of 3.884 mg/g. The in vitro antioxidant activity was also investigated, which showed that the IC50 values of total coumarins from Ficus hirta were 2.23 mg/mL and 0.33 mg/mL for DPPH free radicals and ABTS free radicals, respectively. The extraction process optimized by response surface methodology is simple and feasible. The total coumarins extracted from Ficus hirta has strong antioxidant activity and can be used as a natural antioxidant source for further development and comprehensive application.

In this study, the chemical composition of the volatile oil from Backhousia citriodora was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the relative percentage content of each chemical component was determined by peak area normalization method. The nematocidal activity of the volatile oil against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus was determined, and antibacterial activities against Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Pseudomonas lachrymans, Xanthomonas vesicatoria and Bacillus subtili were also determined in sterile 96-well plates using the microculture tetrazolium (MTT) assay. A total of 35 components were identified from the volatile oil of B. citriodorae, which accounted for 87.17% of total content. The major compounds were Geranial (34.35%), Neral (29.88%) and Isogeranal (3.91%), which accounted for 68.13% of the total content. The relative contents of other components were less than 3%. The volatile oil had significant nematocidal activity against B. xylophilus, with LC50 values of 138.30 ug/mL, 107.83 ug/mL and 85.56 ug/mL at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, respectively. The results of antibacterial activity showed the best inhibitory activity against X. vesicatoria, with IC50 value of 154. 11 ug/mL, while the LC50 values were all higher than 200 ug/mL against P. lachrymans, A. tumefaciens and B. subtilis. The volatile oil showed good inhibitory activity against B. xylophilus and X. vesicatoria. This study provides an important theoretical basis for the development and utilization of volatile oil of B. citriodora.

In order to improve the application stability and biological activity of Brassinolide (BR), reduce its use loss and make it release slowly, in this study, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE), ethylenediamine-terminated Polyethyleneimine (PEI-EDA), and glycine betaine (GB) were used to modify Zein to load BR(BR@ AM-Zein-GB). The structure and morphology of the modified products were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The drug-loaded nanoparticles with an average particle size of 174 nm were prepared by the anti-solvent method. The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading capacity of BR were 45.59% and 17.53 ug/mg, respectively. The sustained release of drug-loaded nanoparticles in different ethanol water contents was evaluated. The results showed that the maximum sustained release of BR@ AM-Zein-GB was obtained at 60% ethanol aqueous solution by volume. Being soaked in 0.100 mh/L-BR@$ AM-Zein-GB, the germination of cucumber seed was the best under salt stress (120 mmol/L NaCl). Which showed that BR@AM Zein GB had stable biological activity and controlled release ability.

To investigate the catalytic effect of amino-Cu chelates when applying to C-N coupling reaction, leucine-Cu chelate ( Leu-Cu) and methionine-Cu chelate (Met-Cu) were synthesized and identified by copper content test that 19.82% for Leu-Cu and 17.57% for Met-Cu, which were consistent with theory values. XRD results showed that the diffracted primary peak at 2θwere 6.3o and $5.6o shown in Leu-Cu and Met-Cu spectrums respectively that were consistent with reported literature. Leu-Cu and Met-Cu were directly applied to catalyze C-N coupling reaction. Both of them gave better results than corresponding amino acid-Cu catalytic system, and Leu-Cu lead to higher yield 64.7% than Met-Cu in one-step C-N coupling reaction (21.7%), and been well substrate tolerated that 7 aryl amines were obtained and yield up to 91.4% in the present of 20 mol% Leu-Cu, but most gave medium yields mostly. However, when applied to one-pot multi-component reaction for the preparation of heterocycle quinazolinone, 5 mol% of Met-Cu provided 71.2% yield of expected product starting from 2-iodobenzamide with EtOH as solvent, while 2-iodobenzonitril gave 80.5% yield catalyzed by 10 mol% of Met-Cu under 100℃ with DMSO/H2O as solvent. It was indicated that Leu-Cu gave better results than Met-Cu in one-step C-N coupling reaction, while Met-Cu exhibited mild condition, higher yields and less catalyst amounts compared to traditional amino acid-Cu catalytic system in multi-components reaction. This work certified that amino acid-Cu chelates can replace tradition amino acid-Cu catalyst system in Ullmann C-N coupling reaction, and amino acid-Cu chelates presented better results in multi-component reaction in terms of reaction condition and yield.

An improved Y0L0v5n model for automatically detecting aggressive behaviors among sheep inscale and intensive farming was proposed. In the YOLOvSn lightweight architecture, the traditional con-volution module was displaced by the ghost convolution module to reduce the model's parameters andcomputing overhead. Subsequently, the coordinate attention (CA) mechanism was introduced to the keylocations on the network to enhance the channel and localization information. Additionally, an efficientintersection over union (ElOU) loss funetion was introduced and improved to increase the accuracy of thepredictive frame and reduce false detection. Finally, the stochastic gradient descent (SGD)optimizerwas replaced with Ranger2l to compensate for the poor performance of the ghost module in feature extrac-tion and hasten convergence. To improve the model's generalization capacity for all weather conditions,three weather conditions (snowy, rainy, and foggy) were added to half of the sample data. Experimentsrevealed that compared to the original YOL0v5n model, our revised model required only 83% of the param-eters. lts size was only 3 MB and boosted the accuracy by 0.7% ,recall by 1.3% , mean average precision(mAP)by 0.5% , and Fl by 1.01%. It also outperforms other popular lightweight YOL0 models.