The effects of vase treatments with nisin, a novel natural antimicrobial agent, in combination with sucrose, on ornamental quality, vase life and some water relation indexes of cut carnation (Dianthus carbophyllus L.) ‘Tundra’ flowers were investigated. In addition, the inhibition of nisin on the growth of bacteria isolated from the cut carnation stem-ends was detected by the bacterial co-culture method. Compared with the control (deionized water), 30.0 g/L sucrose solely and 1.0 g/L citric acid (as cosolvent) + 30.0 g/L sucrose, treatments contained 0.8 ~ 1.2 g/L Nisin could significantly improve the ornamental quality and prolong the vase life of cut carnation flowers. Among them, the preservation effects of 0.8 g/L Nisin + 1.0 g/L citric acid + 30.0 g/L sucrose were the best, and its vase life (20.6 d) was the longer by 54.9% than that of the control (13.3 d). Further studies showed that the combination treatment could significantly increase water uptake, and maintain high fresh mass and water balance value of cut carnation flowers. Moreover, after incubation at 37℃ for 11.5 h, it was observed that the colony growth of bacteria isolated from the stem-ends of cut carnations flowers was obviously inhibited in the medium containing 0.4 g/L and 0.8 g/L Nisin.

To evaluate the fresh-keeping effects of nano-silver (NS), a nano-grade bactericide, on cut alstroemeria (Alstroemeria aurantiaca) ‘Spirit’ flowers, their vase life, ornamental quality, floret opening rate and relative fresh mass were investigated by using vase treatments with 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 mg/L NS solely and combined with 30.0 g/L sucrose. Compared with the control (deionized water), the various NS alone treatments had no significant preservation effects on cut alstroemeria flowers. However, the combination treatments of NS plus 30.0 g/L sucrose could significantly inhibit their flower abscission and leaf yellowing, improve ornamental quality and prolong vase life. Among them, the preservation effects of 1 mg/L NS plus 30.0 g/L sucrose and 5.0 mg/L NS plus 30.0 g/L sucrose were particularly prominent, whose vase lives were 41.7% (13.6 d) and 45.8% (14.0 d) longer than that of the control (9.6 d), respectively. Moreover, the two combination treatments could effectively promote floret opening and maintain high fresh mass. The results indicated that the combination treatments with appropriate concentration of NS and sucrose had positive effects on preservation of cut alstroemeria ‘Spirit’ flowers.

In order to promote the application and development of moss graffiti technology, to explore the effect of the optimal substrate ratio on the growth of V. Montagnei, cut off the gametophytes of the moss by the stem-breaking method, and then glued them onto graffiti substrates of different proportions. Spray moisturizing every 1-2 days, and spray a quantitative 50 mg/L GA3 solution every week, cover it with a film and incubate for 45 days, and measure the growth of the moss. The mixing ratio of the 9 matrices used in this experiment is: red soil, red soil: understory soil = 9:1, red soil: understory soil = 8: 2, red soil: understory soil = 7: 3, red soil: understory soil = 6: 4; red soil: Earthworm manure=9:1, red soil: earthworm manure=8:2, red soil: earthworm manure=7:3, red soil: earthworm manure=6:4. The results showed that among the 9 treatments, from the perspective of the Length growth volume, Shoots growth volume, Chl. content growth volume and weight growth volume of the moss, the treatment of red soil: earthworm manure=7:3 is the best, and if the proportion of understory soil and earthworm manure is too low or too high, it will be detrimental to the growth of V. Montagnei. The most suitable substrate for moss graffiti is red soil: earthworm manure=7:3.

Camellia gauchowensis Chang is a woody oil crop with great economic and ecological value, but its high degree of inbred incompatibility, cross-pollination and fruiting rely heavily on pollinators. However, systematic research on the pollinator diversity and fruit setting efficiency of C. gauchowensis was lack in Guangdong. In this study, we sampled 4 sites in western, northern, central and eastern Guangdong, to carry out pollination observation and artificial supplementary pollination experiments. A total of 25 species in 4 orders 12 families were record as pollinators of C. gauchowensis in Guangdong, and there were obvious regional differences; the main pollinator at WS (western Guangdong) was the Andrena camellia Wu, XK (northern Guangdong) was Vespa bicolor Fabricius, LD (central Guangdong) and BT (eastern Guangdong) were Apis cerana Fabricius. Pollinator diversity and fruit set, from high to low, were XK > WS >LD > BT. The fruit set of supplemental pollination was higher than that of natural control at all 4 sites, pollen limitation of C. gauchowensis was common. Moreover, the fruits by supplemental pollination had bigger size and more seeds per fruit. The study demonstrated the pollinator diversity and regional differences of C. gauchowensis lands in Guangdong, and explored the effects of pollination on fruit set, providing theoretical basis and data support for the production practice of C. gauchowensis lands in Guangdong.

Proteomic technology based on TMT was used to identify and analyze the differential proteins of mulberry roots after salt stress, screen the key proteins of mulberry roots in response to salt stress, and preliminarily analyze the proteomic mechanism of mulberry root in response to salt stress. The results showed that the expression levels of differential proteins were significantly changed in roots treated with 100 mmol/L NaCl solution for 4 weeks, and a total of 160 differential proteins were identified. GO functional classification and KEGG metabolic pathway analysis revealed that the functions of these differential proteins involved reactive oxygen species scavenging, stress defense, energy production, carbohydrate metabolism, transcription and translation, growth and development, signal transduction and material transport, protein folding, synthesis and cytoskeleton. Under 100 mmol/L NaCl stress, the expressions of 68 proteins, such as dihydroflavanol reductase, protoporphylinogen oxidase, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase and 1,3-β-glucan synthase, were significantly up-regulated. The expression levels of 92 proteins including glutathione S-transferase, sucrose synthase, methyltransferase, peroxidase, serine/threonine protein kinase and GTP-binding protein were significantly down-regulated. The differential expressed proteins involved in salt stress reflects the coordination and self-adaptation of protein functional expression and metabolic pathway under salt stress in Morus macroura Miq.

To identify the potential pathogen and test its biological characteristics of Pandanus pygmaeus, the pathogen strain t1 was isolated and purified from the infected leaves of P. pygmaeus by tissue isolation method. The species specification and biological characterization were determined by pathogenicity assay, morphological observation and molecular biology assay of the strain.The results showed that the pathogen causing P. pygmaeus leaf spot was Colletotrichum siamense. The optimal conditions for the growth of pathogenic strain t1 were 28 ℃, pH 7, and various carbon and nitrogen sources were available; the optimal conditions for sporulation of C. siamense production were 28 ℃, pH 10, continuous light, and the carbon and nitrogen sources were cellulose and peptone, respectively. Mycelial growth was favored under dark conditions for 24 h, while the maximum sporulation was achieved under continuous light for 24 h. The pathogenic mycelium was killed at 55 ℃ and 10 min. This is the first study on P. pygmaeus leaf spot disease caused by C. siamense in China, which will help to understand the biological characteristics of the disease and provide reference for its control.

Capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV) has caused serious diseases of several important crops. An SYBR Green I real-time PCR assay was developed for the detection of CaCV infection, and the primer design was based on the nucleocapsid protein gene of CaCV. The result showed that a standard curve was constructed using the recombinant plasmid containing the CaCV target gene fragment, in which the cycle threshold of the standard curve was linear with the template concentration. And there was single peak of melting curve was in the dissolution curve. The SYBR Green I real-time PCR assay was specificity, repeatability and sensitive, which was demonstrated the application for the detection of CaCV in field samples.

Excessive accumulation of lipid seriously harms fish health and is a common nutritional disease in cultured fish. So far, the formation and regulation mechanism of fatty liver in fish is not clear. To clarify the protective effect of Saikosaponin a (SSa) on the liver of fish, a model of hepatocyte steatosis of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus♂ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀) induced by 20% lipid emulsions (LE) with 2ml/L was established, and the effects of SSa on hepatocyte survival rate, intracellular lipid content, mitochondrial function, lipid metabolism and immune response of hybrid grouper were investigated. The results showed that SSa could significantly improve the survival rate of hepatocytes, reduce the accumulation of intracellular lipid droplets, enhance the contents of mitochondrial respiratory chain I-IV and ATP to varying degrees, and inhibit mitochondrial swelling. It also significantly inhibited the up-regulation of adipogenic genes (G6PD, ME1 and DGAT2) and down-regulation of adipogenic genes (ATGL, ACO1 and LXRα). Statistical results showed that the group with 200ng/ml SSa had better protective effect. In conclusion, SSa has a protective effect on grouper hepatocyte steatosis, which can provide first-hand data and new ideas for the study of fish abnormal lipid metabolism mechanisms and the research and development of liver-protecting drugs.

Aluminum toxicity caused by soil acidification was one of the main factors restricting the development of agricultural production in China．Rice（Oryza sativa L.）is one of the most important food crops in China．It was grown in acid soil and was poisoned by aluminum acid．Aluminum toxicity could inhibit the growth of rice root system, restricted the growth and development, and reduced yield reduction in rice．At present，rice had evolved many ways to alleviate aluminum toxicity，the most important of which were external rejection mechanisms and internal tolerance mechanisms，and related aluminum tolerance genes and transcriptional regulation mechanisms had been identified．This study summarized the latest research progress aluminum tolerant mechanism in recent years in rice，and provided ideas for the breeding of new aluminum tolerant rice culivars．

Cut rose has high economic value and is one of the most consumed flowers in cut rose market, but its short shelf life and vase life limit the development of cut rose industry. In this paper, the reasons for postharvest senescence of cut roses were analyzed, and the latest research progress on the preservation of cut roses was emphatically expounded. The current problems in the preservation of cut roses were pointed out, and the future development direction of the preservation technology of cut roses was prospected, aiming to provide a reference for the in-depth research on the preservation technology of cut roses.