In order to explore the method of promoting animal cold adaptation，and enable animals canmaintain normal physiology in cold environment，this study was built cold stress model of quails，usingthe PCR-DGGE method to detect the change of intestinal microflora in quail duodenum which induced byacute and chronic cold stress groups． The results showed that both acute and chronic cold stress couldcause changes in the number and types of intestinal microbiota in the duodenum． It concluded that coldstress could lead to impaire intestinal biologic barrier function．

To investigate the effects of anti-heat stress additives and vitamin E/C on the reproductive per-formance of Guangdong goose in out-of-season production，1 122 normal out-of-season egg-laying Maganggeese ( 954 female and 168 male geese) were selected，and were divided into three groups averagely，in-cluding vitamins group ( supplemented with 0. 08% vitamin C and 0. 04% E) ，test group ( supplementedwith 0. 4% anti-heat stress additives) and control group． The experiment lasted for 60 d，and the eggproduction，fertilization rate and hatching rate of each group were detected． The results showed that theegg production，fertilization rate and hatching rate in the vitamins group and the test group were higherthan those in the control group during the entire trial period，and the fertilization rate of the two treatmentgroups was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P ＜0. 05) ． The results showed that anti-heat stress additives and vitamin E/C had effects on reducing the heat stress and improving the reproduc-tive performance of goose in out-of-season production，which could significantly improve the Maganggeese fertilization rate and egg production at trough stage，and anti-heat stress additives worked better．

In order to solve the difficult clinical and laboratory diagnosis of Goose parvovirus ( GPV)caused by co-infection with various pathogens in the breeding process，one pair of specific primers GPV-rtPCRF/GPV-rtPCRR were designed by using GPV ( GDGZh1) and a SYBR Green I real-time PCR wasestablished to detect clinical samples and colonization of the virus． The results showed that the sensitivityof method established in this study was high to detect 3. 5 × 10 2 copies/μL gene fragments． The geesewere inoculated with goose parvovirus and samples were collected at different times to detect the viruscontent in different organs by using the real-time PCR method． The result showed that the goose organ inthe challenge group had virus colonization． Virus content in the rectum，spleen，heart，kidneys，and o-varies was highest on the 5th day after challenge，and virus content in the liver was highest on the 9th dayafter the challenge． On the 17th day after challenge，no virus was detected in heart and kidney，howev-er，the virus could be detected in rectum，liver，spleen，and ovary on the 25th day after the challenge．The result suggested that the GPV could proliferate in goose and continually transmit to other goslingsthrough vertical transmission．

In order to develop an effective molecular technique for identification of Guangdong local goose( Anser cygnoides domesticus) species，the feasibility of DNA barcodes in identification of magang，shitouand wuzong geese was studied by identifying sequence characteristics of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxi-dase subunit I ( COI) gene． The results showed that there were 15 polymophic sites and 7 haplotypes inCOI gene fragment． The haplotype diversity was 0. 733 3，0. 310 4 and 0. 069 0，respectively; The nu-cleotide diversity ( Pi) was 0. 002 92，0. 000 55 and 0. 000 11 in Wuzong，Magang and Shitou，respec-tively． The average genetic distance within the species was 0 －0. 003 0; the average genetic distance be-tween species was 0 －0. 022． The average genetic distance of interspecific was significantly greater thanthat of intraspecific． The phylogenetic tree of the breeds showed that Magang and Shitou confused，butWuzong goose was clustered alone． The results showed that the obtained DNA barcodes could be used toidentify wuzong goose at molecular level．

Escherichia coli was frequently encountered in the production of southern geese． Different sero-types of E． coli were isolated and cultured． Their biochemical features and serotype were determined．Their toxicities were tested on mice and gosling． The results showed that five serotypes were successfullyseparated． These serotypes were O 114 ，O 26 ，O 119 ，O 126 ，O 124 ． They had different degrees of pathogenicityto both mice and goslings． Among them，O 26 was the most pathogenic，with a mortality rate of 100%．O 119 was the most pathogenic to the goose，reaching 50%． O 124 was the least pathogenic and did not killanimals．

In order to investigate the potential problems and improvement space in guangdong geese's out-off-season production，the study focused on the leading geese，Magang geese and Shitou geeses in guang-dong province． In this study，we observed and analyzed the egg laying performance，fertilization，incuba-tion and embryo death of the two kinds of geese in the out-off-season production． Results showed that theannual average number of eggs of Magang geese and Shitou geeses was 41. 5 and 29. 7，respectively，while the fertilization rate was 66. 3% and 73. 0%，respectively; egg hatching rate was 57. 0% and 62. 2%，respectively; the fertilized eggs hatching rate was 86. 1% and 86. 1%，respectively; and totalembryo death rate was 9. 4% and 9. 0%，respectively． The ratio of male and female geese and the tem-perature condition had obvious influence on the fertilization rate and the incubation rate; the death rate ofthe first half of the embryo was higher than that in the second half． The results showed that the out-off-season production technology of Shitou geese were more mature，and the technology of Magang geeseshould be improved． The results also found that the environmental temperature，proportion of male geeseand female geese were the major factors of goose production performance and incubation effect．

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different lighting time on egg productionand reproductive endocrine． 120 healthy ducklings of 33 weeks age were randomly selected and dividedinto group A，B，C and D on average． 1st －42nd day，the light program of group A，group B，group Cand group D was taken as 11. 5L∶13. 5D，14L∶ 10D，16L∶ 8D and 18L∶ 6D( L: light，D: dark) ; 43rd －70th day，four groups of light programs were 18L∶ 6D． Egg production，egg quality and feed consumptionwere statisticsed． The serum reproductive hormone such as luteinizing hormone，progesterone，estradioland melatonin levels were determined by blood sampling in the 42nd and 70th days． The results showedthat，1st －42nd day，The egg production rate of group D was higher than other three groups． The averagenumber of eggs was significantly higher than that of the other three groups ( P ＜0. 01) ． But there was nosignificant difference between groups A，B and C ( P ＞0. 05) ． The average egg quality in group D wasthe lowest among the four groups，but there was no significant difference among the groups ( P ＞0. 05) ．And the feed ratio in group D was the lowest． The level of luteinizing hormone and progesterone in groupD was significantly higher than those in group B，progesterone in group D was significantly higher thanthose in group A ( P ＜0. 05) ． And there was no significant difference in serum reproductive hormone me-latonin levels between other groups ( P ＞0. 05) ． During 43rd －70th day，there were no significant differ-ences in egg production rate，average number of eggs per day，average egg weight and feed ratio ( P ＞0. 05) ． The serum reproductive hormone levels were determined by the 70th day，and the differences be-tween the groups were not significant ( P ＞0. 05) ． This experiment found that the continuous illuminationof 18 h could significantly improve egg producton and feed ratio，improve the reproductive hormone level．

To investigate the effect of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone ( GnIH) on the reproductive de-velopment and growth of male mice，30 Kunming mice were divided into 3 groups on average and given30% PVP( Polyvinyl pyrrolidone) -30 dissolved GnIH solution，saline dissolved GnIH solution and thesame amount of saline，respectively． The mice were injected every 5 d and weighed to calculate the feedconsumption rate． At the end of 30 d the experiment，blood samples were collected and testosterone lev-els were measured; testicle quality were measured and testis index was calculated． The results showedthat the administration of exogenous GnIH to male Kunming mice increased the body quality and materialconsumption to a certain extent with no significant difference，and significantly ( P ＜0. 01) decreased thefeed-to-weight ratio． Administration of exogenous GnIH increased testicular quality to some extent andsignificantly ( P ＜0. 05) increased serum testosterone concentration． The test results showed that the ad-ministration of exogenous GnIH could promote the growth of mice，reduce the food intake of mice，reducethe feed-to-weight ratio，and inhibit the development of the reproductive system of mice．

A total of 34 body condition and laying performance in laying period consistent ShanMa ducks，were randomly divided into two groups to study the effect of feeding exogenous melatonin on the perform-ance of egg-laying ducks． The test group was given 3 mg melatonin of each duck on each day，and thecontrol group did not add． The two groups all maintained light in 24 h，and the test period lasted 7weeks． During the period that feed intake，egg production and serum hormone levels of egg duck weremeasured． The results showed that melatonin reduced the egg laying performance of duck，and increasedthe blood melatonin levels，decreased the level of estradiol，luteinizing hormone and progesterone com-pared with control group，but the difference was not significant ( P ＞0. 05) ，the effect of pheromone onthe reproductive hormone levels of the eggs was not significant．

There were three groups in the experiment，each group was randomly selected 32 Maganggeese to study the effects of different light time on the growth performance of goose and serum endotoxincontent． The control group received normal light ( 12L∶ 12D) ( L: light，D: dark) ，the short-photope-riod group received 9 hours light ( 9L∶ 15D) and the long-photoperiod group received 15 hours light ( 15L∶ 9D) ． After 8 weeks，the growth rate of body mass，survival rate，feed gain ratio and serum endotoxinwere measured． The results showed that body mass in the control group was significantly higher than thosein the short-sunshine and long-sunshine group ( P ＜0. 05) from week 7． It was found that the feed con-version rate was highest in the control group at the early stage ( 4 －8 weeks) ，while that was highest atthe long-sunshine group in the latter stage ( 9 －12 weeks) ． The survival rates of the control group andlong-light group reached more than 80. 0%，while the survival rate of the short-day group had only66. 7%． The mean serum levels of endotoxin in the control group were lower than those of the other twogroups during the whole experiment． Thus，the different light time could affect the growth performanceand serum endotoxin content of Magang goose． In this experiment，geese that received normal light ( 12L∶ 12D) had better growth performance，and long photoperiod could improve the feed gain ratio of geese inlater growth and development stage．

To determine the effect of different doses of compound enzyme A on the growth performanceand survival rate of Cherry Valley ducks，a total of 765 1-day-old cherry valley ducks were selected anddivided into five group． The enzyme A 0，100，200，300 and 400 g/t were respectively added to the feedgroup and body quality，feed intake，feed conversion ratio，and survival rate were measured． The experi-mental results showed that adding compound enzyme could increase ducks' feed intake and feed conver-sion rate and promoted the growth of ducks at the concentration of 300 g/t． By contraries when the addedconcentration was 400 g/t，the promotion effect was rather decreased． The effect of enzyme concentrationon feed intake was not obvious． The results showed that the addition of compound enzyme A in duck feedcould effectively improve the growth performance and feed conversion rate of duck，and the optimaladding concentration was 300 g/t．

In order to improve the stability of calcium iodate in feeds，Calcium iodate have been distribu-ted into liquid paraffin at first，then the microsphere of calcium iodate( Ca( IO 3 )2 /SA microsphere) wereprepared by emulsification/internal gelation with sodium alginate as wall material and Nano-calcium car-bonate as cross linker． The Ca( IO 3 )2 /SA microspheres were characterized by FT-IR and SEM，and theinfluence of preparation conditions of Ca( IO 3 )2 /SA microsphere on the loading content of calcium iodate( LC) and encapsulation efficiency ( EE) was studied systematically by the single-factor method． The re-sults showed that the loaded calcium iodate was loaded in crystalline form in microspheres． The optimizedcondition of preparation of Ca( IO 3 )2 /SA microsphere were as follows: sodium alginate concentration12 g·L－1 ，Nano-calcium 1/2，Span80 2%，acid-calcium substance ratio 6. 9∶ 1，calcium iodate mass1. 2 g，oil phase stirring speed 500 r·min－1 ，oil-water volume ratio 3∶ 1，emulsification time 30 min，enrichment time 90 min，crosslinking time 25 min． The loading content ( LC) and encapsulation efficiency( EE) of Ca( IO 3 )2 /SA microsphere in the optimized condition were 41. 0% and 71. 8%，respectively．