Abstract:The oil absorbing material was becoming more and more important as the situation of oil pollu-tion was more serious. It is more important to Looking for a kind of oil absorbent material in environmen-tal protection. The types of oil-absorbing material,the mechanism of oil absorption and the modificationmethods of cellulose-based oil-absorbing material which includes esterification,etherification,graft copol-ymerization,cellulose enzymatic hydrolysis,and preparation of aerogels were reviewed and the applica-tion of future oil-absorbing material was prospected.