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Abstract The head kidney transcriptional response of Northern snakehead fish (Channa argus) with Nocardia seriolae infection, expecially Toll and Nod like receptors, were analyzed and compared in order to reveal mechanisms that might confer infection resistance.Total RNA was extracted from the head kidney with or without N.seriolae, subjected to transcriptome analysis using Illumina HiS eq TM 2500 sequencing followed by de novo Transcriptome analysis.Clean reads of the control group and the experimental group of snakehead fish infected by N.seriolae were 33 556 284 (93.79%) and 34 202 766 (93.52%) , respectively.Annotation was performed by using Trinity software, 106 319 unigenes were annotated from the total of 133 999 unigenes, account for 79.34%;the NCBI non-redundant protein database (NR) annotations yielded 54 886 unigenes (40.97%) ;Swiss-Prot annotations had 39 795 unigenes (29.69%) ;the annotation by Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) has 5 885 (4.39%) unigenes were annotated into 335 channels, and the Gene ontology (GO) annotations has 5 753 unigenes (4.29%) .Approximately, 3 912 genes were differentially expressed, among them, 1 552 unigenes were up-regulated (39.67%) , and 2 360 unigenes were down-regulated (60.33%) .Subsequently, there were 28 or 13differentially expressed genes found to be modulated, from that 12 or 3 unigenes were up-regulated, 11 or6 unigenes were down-regulated, 5 and 4 unigenes did not showed significant changes from the Toll and Nod like receptor immune signaling pathways, respectively.In conclusion, our deep sequencing analysis revealed in depth the high degree of transcriptional complexity of the C.argus immune response to N.seriolae infection and resulted in the discovery and validation of new gene products with induced expression in infected individuals, especially in the non-specific immune system.
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2018, Vol. 31 
